WRITING ABOUT PLAGIARISME

What is Plagiarism?
Plagiarism or plagiarism is an act of plagiarizing other people's ideas, ideas or works which are then recognized as their own works or using the work of others without mentioning the source, giving rise to false or erroneous assumptions about the origin of an idea, idea or work. The term plagiarism comes from English plagiarism or plagiary and in Latin plagiarius which means kidnapper or plagiarist. So plagiarism or plagiarism is the act of stealing (intellectual ideas / works) of another person and claiming or announcing it as his own (Putra, 2011).

Whereas according to the Regulation of the Minister of National Education of the Republic of Indonesia No. 17 of 2010, plagiarism is a deliberate or unintentional act in obtaining or trying to obtain credit or value for a scientific work, by quoting part or all of the work and / or scientific work of other recognized parties as scientific work, without expressing the source appropriately and adequately.

Following is the definition and understanding of plagiarism from several book sources:
According to Lindsey, plagiarism is the act of copying ideas, ideas or works of others to be recognized as their own work or using the work of others without mentioning the source, giving rise to wrong or wrong assumptions about the origin of an idea, idea or work (Soelistyo, 2011).
According to Suyanto and Jihad (2011), plagiarism is stealing ideas, words, sentences, or results of other people's research and presenting it as if it were his own work.
According to Brotowidjoyo (1993), plagiarism is piracy in the form of facts, unauthorized explanations of phrases and sentences of other people.
According to Ridhatillah (2003), plagiarism is an act of abuse, theft or deprivation, publishing, statement or declaring as one's own a thought, idea, writing, or creation that is actually owned by someone else.

Types of Plagiarism
According to Soelistyo (2011), plagiarism or plagiarism can be classified into several types, forms and types, namely: a. Types of Plagiarism Based on Stolen Aspects

Based on the aspects stolen, plagiarism consists of several types, namely:
Plagiarism of Ideas (Plagiarism of Ideas). This type of plagiarism is relatively difficult to prove because ideas or ideas are abstract and may have similarities with other people's ideas. Or, there is the possibility of two similar ideas happening to two different creators.
Word by word plagiarism (Word for word plagiarism). This type is similar to slavish copy, which is quoting other people's work word by word without mentioning the source. Plagiarism is considered to occur because the scale of quotation is so substantial that all of the writing ideas or ideas are completely taken. Plagiarism like this is mostly done in writing.
Plagiarism of Source. This type of plagiarism has a fatal error because it does not specify in full the reference referred to in the quote. If the source of the quote refers to someone as the author associated with the quote, then the name of the author must be called. This is certainly a fair attitude and does not harm the interests of the author and other contributors.
Plagiarism of Authorship. Write papers written by other people. This action occurs on the basis of awareness and intentional motives to deceive the public. For example, changing the cover of a book or cover of someone else's work by covering it in his name without permission.

b. Types of Plagiarism Based on Intentionality
Based on intentional factors, plagiarism is divided into two types, namely:
Intentional Plagiarism. Intentional plagiarism is a plagiarist who consciously acts by using, borrowing, plagiarizing other people's work in the form of ideas, ideas, sentences, and theories without including reference sources.
Accidental Plagiarism. Accidental plagiarism is a plagiarism committed by someone because of an accident, namely the lack of knowledge and understanding of the person in quoting.

c. Types of Plagiarism Based on Hijacked Proportions
Based on the proportion or number of percentages plowed, plagiarism is divided into several types, namely:
Mild plagiarism. Mild plagiarism when in a scientific paper made by someone less than 30%.
Medium Plagiarism. Medium plagiarism has a percentage of 30% -70% in a written work.
Total Plagiarism. Total plagiarism means that more than 70% of the contents of scientific papers are plagiarism from the work of others. This plagiarism cannot be sterilized and the work must be revised or not recognized. d. Types of Plagiarism Based on Patterns
Based on hijacked patterns, plagiarism consists of several types, namely:
Total plagiarism. That is a plagiarism action by an author by copying or stealing the work of another person entirely and claiming to be his work. Usually, in this plagiarism a writer only changes the original author's name and agency name with his own name and institution. Then, the author changes the title of the article traced slightly, then also changes the abstract, certain key words (keywords), article subtitles, certain words and sentences in the writing section and conclusions with certain words or sentences to look different from the original article .
Partial plagiarism. That is a plagiarism action done by someone by means of copying some of the work of others to be the result of his own work. own. Usually, in this type of plagiarism a writer takes a statement, theoretical basis, sample, method of analysis, discussion and / or certain conclusions from the work of another person into his work without mentioning the original source.
Auto-plagiarism (self-plagiarism). That is the plagiarism done by an author on his own work, both partially and completely. For example, when writing a scientific article a writer copies past certain parts of his work in a book that has been published without mentioning the source.
Plagiarism between languages. Namely the plagiarism done by an author by translating a foreign language paper into Indonesian. Then, the author makes the translation results as a result of his work without mentioning the source.

e. Types of Plagiarism Based on Presentation
Based on the way it is presented, plagiarism consists of several types, namely:
Verbatim Plagiarism. Verbatim plagiarism is an act of plagiarism by plagiarizing the work of others as they are and giving the impression that the work is the work of his own creation.
Patchwork Plagiarism. Plagiarism Patchwork or better known as patchwork is an act of plagiarism by taking the work of another person from various sources without mentioning the reference and arranging it into one whole unit, so that it is impressed as his own work.
Paraphrase Plagiarism. Paraphrase plagiarism is a plagiarism action by changing the sentence from the original writer with his own sentence and does not include references or quotes.
Keyword Plagiarism or Key Phrases. Keyword plagiarism or key phrases are acts of plagiarism by taking a number of keywords from the original author and paraphrasing them in their own words.
Plagiarism Structure Ideas. Plagiarism of the structure of ideas is an act of plagiarism by taking the structure of the ideas of others, then poured again to look different. Identification of Plagiarism
According to Novanta (2009), there are several factors that can be used in identifying plagiarism, namely:
Use of vocabulary. Analyzing the vocabulary used in a task against the use of the previous vocabulary can help determine whether students actually have written the text. By finding a large number of new vocabulary (especially advanced vocabulary) can determine whether students write text without doing plagiarism.
Change of vocabulary. If the use of vocabulary changes significantly in a text, this can indicate plagiarism by copy and paste.
Confusing text. If the flow of a text is not smooth and inconsistent, this indicates the author does not write using his own thoughts or some parts of his writing are not the result of his work.
Use of punctuation. It is not natural for two writers to use the exact same punctuation in making a paper.
Number of text similarities. There must be some similarities between several texts that write with the same topic as names, terms and so on. However, it is not natural for several different texts to have similar or similar text in large numbers. Same spelling error. It is a common thing for a writer to make a paper. It becomes unnatural if several different texts have the same errors in spelling or the same number of incorrect spellings.
Distribution of words. It is not natural if the distribution of the use of different words in text has something in common. For example, a text has the same parameters for a statistical distribution used to explain the use of terms.
Syntactic text structure. This shows that plagiarism might have happened if the two texts clearly have similar syntactic structures. It is natural that the use of syntactic structures used by some authors will be different.
Long series of the same word. It is not natural for a different text (even one that uses the same title) to have the same set of characters.
Order of similarity between texts. This can indicate plagiarism if the order of matching words or phrases between two texts is the same. Although taught to present facts in a rule (for example introduction, content, then conclusion), it is not natural if the same facts are reported in the same order.
Dependence on certain words or phrases. A writer might choose to use a certain word or phrase. Consistency in the use of these words in a text written by other people using different words can indicate plagiarism.
Word frequency. It is not natural for words from two different texts to be used with the same frequency.
The decision to use long sentences or short sentences. Without our knowledge, writers certainly have a decision to use lengthy unusual sentences combined with other features.
Readable text. The use of metrics / measurements such as the FOG Gunning index, Flesch Reading Ease Formula or SMOG can help determine an ability score. It is not natural for different writers to have the same score.
Unclear references. If references appear in a text but are not found in the bibliography, this can indicate plagiarism of cut and paste, where the author does not copy the reference completely.